NEB Class 12 Business Studies Curriculum

Business Studies  (Bus. 216)
Syllabus

Full marks: 75 (Pass marks: 24)

Course Contents:

Unit 1: Nature of Management

1. Describe meaning, essentials and nature of management.
   
2. Management as science, art and profession.
   
3. Key management functions: planning, organizing, leading and controlling
   
4. Levels of management

Unit 2: Classical Management Perspective

1. Market and Revenue Curves
   1. Scientific management: principles and limitations
   2. Administrative management: principles and limitations

Unit 3: Planning and Decision Making

1. Planning: Concept and rationale
2. Process of planning
3. Benefits and pitfalls of planning
4. Types of plans
5.  Decision making: meaning and importance 
   
6. Types of managerial decisions
7. Decision making conditions: certainty, risk and uncertainty
8. Decision making process

Unit 4: Organizing

1. Organizing: concept and principles
2. Organizing process
3. Departmentalization: meanings and bases
4. Types of organizational structure: simple, functional, divisional, matrix and committee
5. Drivers of organizing: authority, responsibility and accountability
6. Centralization and decentralization
   
7. Arguments for and against centralization and decentralization
8. Guidelines for effective delegation of authority
9. Challenges for effective delegation of authority
10. Differences between delegation and decentralization of authority

Unit 5: Leading

1. Leading: meaning and importance
2. Role of manager as a leader
3. Leadership qualities
4. Leadership styles: autocratic, democratic and laisses faire

Unit 6: Controlling

1. Controlling: meaning and importance
2. Process of control: Pre-control, concurrent control and post-control
3. Essentials of effective control

Unit 7: Other Management Functions

1. Motivation: meaning and importance
2. Techniques of Motivation
3. Theories of motivation
   
   • Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs
   • Herzberg’s Dual Factors Theory
4. Supervision: meaning and role
5. Factors influencing supervision
6. Communication: meaning and importance
7. Essentials of effective communication
8. Types of communication: horizontal, vertical and diagonal
9. Barriers to effective communication

Unit 8: Contemporary issues on management

1. Conflict management: meaning, sources and level
2. Talent management: meaning and importance
3. Quality management: meaning and components
4. Supply chain management: meaning and importance
5. Family business management: nature, roles

Unit 9: Business letter Writing

1. Business letter: meaning and uses
2. Structure of business letters
3. Qualities of business letters
4. Qualities of business letters

Unit 10: Business Plan

1. Introduction to business plan
2. Significance of business plan
3. Contents of business plan
4.  Formulation of business plan